The Hijrah, historically speaking, is the central event of early Islam, the turning point in Islamic history that led to the foundation of the first Muslim state. After consulting his companions, he set the Hijrah-the flight of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) from Makkah to Madinah-as the most appropriate reference to the new Islamic era. In AD 638, six years after the death of the Prophet Muhammad, Islams second caliph Umar recognized the necessity of a calendar to govern the affairs of the. The dating of the Islamic years was introduced by the second caliph, ` Umar ibn Al-Khattab, in 638 CE (16 AH) in an attempt to circumvent all the various conflicting dating systems used during his time. It takes about 33 years for the Islamic dates to rotate through the solar seasons. For example, Ramadan and Hajj can fall in the summer as well as in the winter. This means that Muslim months fall in different seasons. Since the Islamic calendar is lunar, its year is 10 or 11 days shorter than the Gregorian year. Fighting (killing) is prohibited during these sacred months except in self-defense.
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Islam inherited and approved this practice. In the pre-Islamic period, raids among the Arab tribes were forbidden and hunting was halted during these months. However, the dates of so me of these events, such as that of Laylat Al-Qadr and the Prophet Muhammad’s journey of Israa’ and Mi`raj, have not been conclusively specified, and there has been some uncertainty about the exact date of the event.įour of the twelve months are sacred: Rajab, Muharram, Dhul-Qi`dah, Dhul- Hijjah). The most important dates in the Islamic calendar are: 1 Muharram (Islamic New Year) 10 Muharram (Day of `Ashura’) 27 Rajab (Israa’ and Mi`raj) 1 Ramadan (first day of the month of fasting) the last ten days of Ramadan, which include (Laylat Al-Qadr) 1 Shawwal (`Eid Al-Fitr) 8 – 10 Dhul-Hijjah ( Hajj) 9 Dhul-Hijjah (Day of `Arafah) 10 Dhul-Hijjah (`Eid Al-Adha). The Islamic year consists of twelve months: (1) Muharram, (2) Safar, (3) Rabi` Awwal, (4) Rabi` Thani, (5) Jumada Awwal, (6) Jumada Thani, (7) Rajab, (8) Sha`ban, (9) Ramadan, (10) Shawwal, (11) Dhul- Qi`dah, (12) Dhul- Hijjah. Therefore scientists have developed a number of norms to help predict when the first sighting of the crescent moon will be, but there will be small discrepancies between countries when determining the birth of the crescent heralding the month of Ramadan and the first day of the following month, indicating the end of the fast. The new moon announces the arrival of a new month, but due to differences in the weather (rain and fog, et cetera) that may prevent a clear view of the moon, or due to great distances between countries, the start of a new month is neither definite nor conclusive.
![islamic calendar year islamic calendar year](https://printablecalendartemplates.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Islamic-Calendar-1441.png)
The Islamic or Hijri calendar is based on a lunar month of 29 to 30 days, with the day starting at sunset.
![islamic calendar year islamic calendar year](https://printablecalendartemplates.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Islamic-Calendar-2020.png)
Say: They are fixed seasons for mankind and for the pilgrimage…” (Al-Baqarah 2:189) “They ask thee, (O Muhammad), of new moons.